| Reactions of Manganese |
 Reactions with water |
| Manganese does not react with water under normal conditions |
| Reactions with air |
| When finely divided, manganese metal burns in air. It burns in oxygen to form the oxide Mn3O4 and in nitrogen to form the nitride Mn3N2.
|
3Mn(s) + 2O2(g) Mn3O4(s) |
| 3Mn(s) + N2(g)Mn3N2(s) |
| Reactions with halogens |
| Manganese burns in chlorine to form manganese(II) chloride.
|
| Mn(s) + Cl2(g)MnCl2(s) |
| Manganese burns in bromine to form manganese(II) bromide.
|
| Mn(s) + Br2(g)MnBr2(s) |
| Manganese burns in iodine to form manganese(II) iodide.
|
| Mn(s) + I2(g)MnI2(s) |
| The corresponding reaction between the metal and fluorine yields the manganese(II) fluoride and manganese(III) fluoride.
|
| Mn(s) + F2(g)MnF2(s) |
| 2Mn(s) + 3F2(g)2MnF3(s) |
| Reactions with acids |
| Manganese metal dissolves readily in dilute sulphuric acid to form solutions containing the aquated Mn(II) ion together with hydrogen gas.
|
| Mn(s) + H2SO4(aq)Mn2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) + H2(g) |
| |
| Reduction Potentials |
| Balanced half-reaction |
E0 / V
|
MnIV + e- MnIII |
+1.65 |
| MnIII + e-MnII |
+1.59 |
| Mn3+ + e-Mn2+ |
+1.51 |
| Mn2+ + 2e-Mn(s)
|
-1.180 |
| MnO4- + e-MnO42- |
+0.564 |
| MnO4- + 2H2O + 3e-MnO2(s) + 4OH- |
+0.588 |
| MnO4- + 4H+ + 3e-MnO2(s) (alpha) + 2H2O
|
+1.695 |
| MnO4- + 4H+ + 3e-MnO2(s) (beta) + 2H2O
|
+1.679 |
| MnO4- + 8H+ + 4e-Mn3+ + 4H2O
|
+1.506 |
| MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e-Mn2+ + 4H2O
|
+1.51 |
| MnO42- + 4H+ + 2e-MnO2(s) + 2H2O
|
+2.257 |
| MnO42- + 5H+ + 2e-HMnO2- + 2H2O
|
+1.234 |
| MnO42- + 2H2O + 2e-MnO2(s) + 4OH- |
+0.51 |
| MnO2(s) + 4H+ + e-Mn3+ + 2H2O
|
+0.948 |
| MnO2(s) (alpha) + 4H+ + 2e-Mn2+ + 2H2O
|
+1.23 |
| MnO2(s) (beta) + 4H+ + 2e-Mn2+ + 2H2O
|
+1.22 |
| MnO2(s) (gamma) + 4H+ + 2e-Mn2+ + 2H2O
|
+0.21 |
| Mn(OH)3(s) + e-Mn(OH)2(s) + 2OH- |
+0.1 |
| Mn(CN)63- + e-Mn(CN)64- |
-0.244 |
| Mn(OH)2(s) + 2e-Mn(s) + 2OH- |
-1.55 |
| HMnO2- + 3H+ + 2e-Mn(s) + 2H2O
|
-0.163 |